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Posts Tagged ‘buffer’

gen_tcp接收缓冲区易混淆概念纠正

May 14th, 2013 1 comment

原创文章,转载请注明: 转载自系统技术非业余研究

本文链接地址: gen_tcp接收缓冲区易混淆概念纠正

Erlang的每个TCP网络链接是由相应的gen_tcp对象来表示的,说白了就是个port, 实现Erlang网络相关的逻辑,其实现代码位于erts/emulator/drivers/common/inet_drv.c

参照inet:setopts文档,它有三个buffer相关的选项,非常让人费解:

{buffer, Size}
Determines the size of the user-level software buffer used by the driver. Not to be confused with sndbuf and recbuf options which correspond to the kernel socket buffers. It is recommended to have val(buffer) >= max(val(sndbuf),val(recbuf)). In fact, the val(buffer) is automatically set to the above maximum when sndbuf or recbuf values are set.

{recbuf, Size}
Gives the size of the receive buffer to use for the socket.

{sndbuf, Size}
Gives the size of the send buffer to use for the socket.

其中sndbuf, recbuf选项比较好理解, 就是设置gen_tcp所拥有的socket句柄的内核的发送和接收缓冲区,从代码可以验证:

/* inet_drv.c */
#define INET_OPT_SNDBUF     6   /* set send buffer size */
#define INET_OPT_RCVBUF     7   /* set receive buffer size */
static int inet_set_opts(inet_descriptor* desc, char* ptr, int len)
{
...
        case INET_OPT_SNDBUF:    type = SO_SNDBUF;
            DEBUGF(("inet_set_opts(%ld): s=%d, SO_SNDBUF=%d\r\n",
                    (long)desc->port, desc->s, ival));
            break;
        case INET_OPT_RCVBUF:    type = SO_RCVBUF;
            DEBUGF(("inet_set_opts(%ld): s=%d, SO_RCVBUF=%d\r\n",
                    (long)desc->port, desc->s, ival));
            break;
...
        res = sock_setopt           (desc->s, proto, type, arg_ptr, arg_sz);
...
}

那buffer是什么呢,他们三者之间的关系? 从文档的描述来看:
It is recommended to have val(buffer) >= max(val(sndbuf),val(recbuf)). In fact, the val(buffer) is automatically set to the above maximum when sndbuf or recbuf values are set.
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Linux下谁在消耗我们的cache

September 25th, 2010 20 comments

原创文章,转载请注明: 转载自系统技术非业余研究

本文链接地址: Linux下谁在消耗我们的cache

Linux下对文件的访问和设备的访问通常会被cache起来加快访问速度,这个是系统的默认行为。 而cache需要耗费我们的内存,虽然这个内存最后可以通过echo 3>/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches这样的命令来主动释放。但是有时候我们还是需要理解谁消耗了我们的内存。

我们来先了解下内存的使用情况:

[root@my031045 ~]# free
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:      24676836     626568   24050268          0      30884     508312
-/+ buffers/cache:      87372   24589464
Swap:      8385760 

有了伟大的systemtap, 我们可以用stap脚本来了解谁在消耗我们的cache了:

#这个命令行用来调查谁在加数据入page_cache
[root@my031045 ~]# stap -e 'probe vfs.add_to_page_cache {printf("dev=%d, devname=%s, ino=%d, index=%d, nrpages=%d\n", dev, devname, ino, index, nrpages )}'
...
dev=2, devname=N/A, ino=0, index=2975, nrpages=1777
dev=2, devname=N/A, ino=0, index=3399, nrpages=2594
dev=2, devname=N/A, ino=0, index=3034, nrpages=1778
dev=2, devname=N/A, ino=0, index=3618, nrpages=2595
dev=2, devname=N/A, ino=0, index=1694, nrpages=106
dev=2, devname=N/A, ino=0, index=1703, nrpages=107
dev=2, devname=N/A, ino=0, index=1810, nrpages=210
dev=2, devname=N/A, ino=0, index=1812, nrpages=211
...

这时候我们拷贝个大文件:

[chuba@my031045 ~]$ cp huge_foo.file  bar

#这时候我们可以看到文件的内容被猛的添加到cache去:
...
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39393, nrpages=39393
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39394, nrpages=39394
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39395, nrpages=39395
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39396, nrpages=39396
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39397, nrpages=39397
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39398, nrpages=39398
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39399, nrpages=39399
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39400, nrpages=39400
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39401, nrpages=39401
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39402, nrpages=39402
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39403, nrpages=39403
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39404, nrpages=39404
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39405, nrpages=39405
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39406, nrpages=39406
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39407, nrpages=39407
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39408, nrpages=39408
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39409, nrpages=39409
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39410, nrpages=39410
dev=8388614, devname=sda6, ino=2399271, index=39411, nrpages=39411
...

此外加入我们想了解下系统的cache都谁在用呢, 那个文件用到多少页了呢?
我们有个脚本可以做到,这里非常谢谢 子团 让我使用他的代码。

[chuba@my031045 ~]# stap -g viewcache.stp

在另外的shell里面 
[chuba@my031045 ~]# dmesg
...
inode: 116397109, num: 5
inode: 116397111, num: 2
inode: 116397112, num: 1
inode: 116397149, num: 2
inode: 116397152, num: 1
inode: 116397336, num: 2
inode: 116397343, num: 1
inode: 116397371, num: 4
inode: 116397372, num: 2
...

非常清楚的看出来每个inode占用了多少页,用工具转换下就知道哪个文件耗费了多少内存。

点击下载viewcache.stp

另外小TIPS:

从inode到文件名的转换
find / -inum your_inode

从文件名到inode的转换
stat -c “%i” your_filename
或者 ls -i your_filename

我们套用了下就马上知道那个文件占用的cache很多。

[chuba@my031045 ~]$ sudo find / -inum 2399248
/home/chuba/kernel-debuginfo-2.6.18-164.el5.x86_64.rpm

玩的开心。

参考资料:
page cache和buffer cache的区别:
这篇文章总结的最靠谱: http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/1595/showart.php?id=2209511

后记:
linux下有个这样的系统调用可以知道页面的状态:mincore – determine whether pages are resident in memory
同时有人作个脚本fincore更方便大家的使用, 点击下载fincore

后来子团告诉我还有这个工具: https://code.google.com/p/linux-ftools/

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