nicstat 网络流量统计利器
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本文链接地址: nicstat 网络流量统计利器
前段时间看到brendangregg的 Linux Performance Analysis and Tools PPT里面提到的nicstat,研究了下是个不错的东西,分享给大家。
nicstat is to network interfaces as “iostat” is to disks, or “prstat” is to processes.
nicstat原本是Solaris平台下显示网卡流量的工具,Tim Cook将它移植到linux平台,官方网站见 这里。 相比netstat, 他有以下关键特性:
- Reports bytes in & out as well as packets.
- Normalizes these values to per-second rates.
- Reports on all interfaces (while iterating)
- Reports Utilization (rough calculation as of now)
- Reports Saturation (also rough)
- Prefixes statistics with the current time
我们来体验下,首先安装之,源码在 这里 下, 目前最新的版本是1.92。
解开后,由于这个版本默认是在32位linux下编译,所以需要改下Makefile.Linux:
$ uname -r 2.6.32-131.21.1.tb477.el6.x86_64 $ diff Makefile.Linux64 Makefile.Linux 17c17 < CFLAGS = $(COPT) -m32 --- > CFLAGS = $(COPT) $ sudo make -f Makefile.Linux install sudo install -o root -g root -m 4511 `./nicstat.sh --bin-name` /usr/local/bin/nicstat sudo install -o bin -g bin -m 555 enicstat /usr/local/bin sudo install -o bin -g bin -m 444 nicstat.1 /usr/local/share/man/man1/nicstat.1
enicstat就安装好可以使用了。
使用文档在这里: man nicstat
由于在linux下需要获取网卡的speed等信息,需要以特权用户运行。
$ sudo enicstat -l Int Loopback Mbit/s Duplex State lo Yes - unkn up eth0 No 1000 full up bond0 No 0 unkn up $ sudo enicstat Time Int rKB/s wKB/s rPk/s wPk/s rAvs wAvs %Util Sat 13:04:10 lo 161.1 161.1 489.2 489.2 337.3 337.3 0.00 0.00 13:04:10 eth0 601.9 589.1 1868.1 1894.1 330.0 318.5 0.98 0.00 13:04:10 bond0 601.9 589.1 1868.1 1894.1 330.0 318.5 0.00 0.00
上面很特色的一个选项就是网卡的Util(利用率)以及Saturation(This the number of errors/second seen for the interface)在实践中用途挺大的。
通过strace和源码进行简单的分析:
open(“/proc/net/dev”, O_RDONLY) = 3
open(“/proc/net/snmp”, O_RDONLY) = 5
open(“/proc/net/netstat”, O_RDONLY) = 6
open(“/proc/uptime”, O_RDONLY) = 9
大部分网卡相关的统计信息是从上面3个文件获取到的,其中snmp文件提供了tcp和udp的统计信息。
默认统计信息是以KB为单位,-M选项可以更改为以M为单位,演习如下:
$ sudo enicstat -M Time Int rMbps wMbps rPk/s wPk/s rAvs wAvs %Util Sat 13:14:51 lo 1.26 1.26 489.1 489.1 337.3 337.3 0.00 0.00 13:14:51 eth0 4.70 4.60 1868.0 1894.0 330.0 318.5 0.98 0.00 13:14:51 bond0 4.70 4.60 1868.0 1894.0 330.0 318.5 0.00 0.00
nicstat还提供了tcp链接外联和内联的个数,重置,Drops信息还有包重传率等信息,这些信息对于诊断tcp问题挺有用的。
$ sudo enicstat -t 13:09:40 InKB OutKB InSeg OutSeg Reset AttF %ReTX InConn OutCon Drops TCP 0.00 0.00 2123.7 2251.7 1.84 0.79 0.000 7.16 2.95 0.00
最后需要注意的是, 解读输出信息的时候:
NOTES
On Linux, the NoCP, Defer, TCP InKB, and TCP OutKB statistics are always reported as zero.The way that saturation is reported is a best effort, as there is no standardized naming to capture
all errors related to an interface’s inability to receive or transmit a packet. Monitoring %Util and
packet rates, along with an understanding of the specific NICs may be more useful in judging whether
you are nearing saturation.
祝玩得开心!
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我使用的是centos 5.6 2.6.18-238.el5 的核,装不上呐
Yu Feng Reply:
February 27th, 2013 at 6:03 pm
源码编译肯定没问题的呀,要改下makefile.
zhangyue Reply:
February 27th, 2013 at 6:12 pm
是的,改了就好了,tks
咱能去掉wordpress和google-analytics么… 或者给放到后面… 要不然不翻墙,正文不显示啊
Yu Feng Reply:
March 9th, 2013 at 4:34 pm
这样呀,我看看如何搞
iftop 用来看网卡流量也挺好玩的