MYSQL数据库网卡软中断不平衡问题及解决方案
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本文链接地址: MYSQL数据库网卡软中断不平衡问题及解决方案
最近公司在MySQL的数据库上由于采用了高速的如PCIe卡以及大内存,去年在压力测试的时候突然发现数据库的流量可以把一个千M网卡压满了。随着数据库的优化,现在流量可以达到150M,所以我们采用了双网卡,在交换机上绑定,做LB的方式,提高系统的吞吐量。
但是在最近压测试的一个数据库中,mpstat发现其中一个核的CPU被软中断耗尽:
Mysql QPS 2W左右
——– —–load-avg—- —cpu-usage— —swap— -QPS- -TPS- -Hit%-
time | 1m 5m 15m |usr sys idl iow| si so| ins upd del sel iud| lor hit|
13:43:46| 0.00 0.00 0.00| 67 27 3 3| 0 0| 0 0 0 0 0| 0 100.00|
13:43:47| 0.00 0.00 0.00| 30 10 60 0| 0 0| 0 0 0 19281 0| 326839 100.00|
13:43:48| 0.00 0.00 0.00| 28 10 63 0| 0 0| 0 0 0 19083 0| 323377 100.00|
13:43:49| 0.00 0.00 0.00| 28 10 63 0| 0 0| 0 0 0 19482 0| 330185 100.00|
13:43:50| 0.00 0.00 0.00| 26 9 65 0| 0 0| 0 0 0 19379 0| 328575 100.00|
13:43:51| 0.00 0.00 0.00| 27 9 64 0| 0 0| 0 0 0 19723 0| 334378 100.00|
针对这个问题,我们利用工具,特别是systemtap, 一步步来调查和解决问题。
首先我们来确认下网卡的设置:
$uname -r 2.6.32-131.21.1.tb399.el6.x86_64 $ lspci -vvvv 01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5709 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 20) Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5709 Gigabit Ethernet Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 256 bytes Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 114 Region 0: Memory at f6000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32M] Capabilities: <access denied> 01:00.1 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5709 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 20) Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5709 Gigabit Ethernet Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 256 bytes Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 122 Region 0: Memory at f8000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32M] Capabilities: <access denied> $cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.6.0 (September 26, 2009) Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup) Primary Slave: None Currently Active Slave: em1 MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 Slave Interface: em1 MII Status: up Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 78:2b:cb:1f:eb:c9 Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: em2 MII Status: up Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 78:2b:cb:1f:eb:ca Slave queue ID: 0
从上面的信息我们可以确认二块 Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5709 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 20)网卡在做bonding。
我们的系统内核组维护的是RHEL 6.1, 很容易可以从/proc/interrupts和/proc/softirqs得到中断和软中断的信息的信息。
我们特别留意下softirq, 由于CPU太多,信息太乱,我只列出7个核心的情况:
$cat /proc/softirqs|tr -s ' ' '\t'|cut -f 1-8 CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 CPU4 CPU5 CPU6 HI: 0 0 0 0 0 0 TIMER: 401626149 366513734 274660062 286091775 252287943 258932438 NET_TX: 136905 10428 17269 25080 16613 17876 NET_RX: 1898437808 2857018450 580117978 26443 11820 15545 BLOCK: 716495491 805780859 113853932 132589667 106297189 104629321 BLOCK_IOPOLL: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TASKLET: 190643874 775861235 0 0 1 0 SCHED: 61726009 66994763 102590355 83277433 144588168 154635009 HRTIMER: 1883420 1837160 2316722 2369920 1721755 1666867 RCU: 391610041 365150626 275741153 287074106 253401636 260389306
从上面我们粗粗可以看出网卡的软中断接收和发送都不平衡。
单单这些信息还不够,还是无法区别为什么一个核心被压垮了,因为我们的机器上还有个中断的大户:fusionIO PCIe卡,在过去的测试中该卡也会吃掉大量的CPU,所以目前无法判断就是网卡引起的,因而我们用stap来double check下:
$cat i.stp global hard, soft, wq probe irq_handler.entry { hard[irq, dev_name]++; } probe timer.s(1) { println("==irq number:dev_name") foreach( [irq, dev_name] in hard- limit 5) { printf("%d,%s->%d\n", irq, kernel_string(dev_name), hard[irq, dev_name]); } println("==softirq cpu:h:vec:action") foreach( [c 1="h," 2="vec," 3="action" language=","][/c] in soft- limit 5) { printf("%d:%x:%x:%s->%d\n", c, h, vec, symdata(action), soft[c 1="h," 2="vec," 3="action" language=","][/c]); } println("==workqueue wq_thread:work_func") foreach( [wq_thread,work_func] in wq- limit 5) { printf("%x:%x->%d\n", wq_thread, work_func, wq[wq_thread, work_func]); } println("\n") delete hard delete soft delete wq } probe softirq.entry { soft[cpu(), h,vec,action]++; } probe workqueue.execute { wq[wq_thread, work_func]++ } probe begin { println("~") } $sudo stap i.stp ==irq number:dev_name 73,em1-6->7150 50,iodrive-fct0->7015 71,em1-4->6985 74,em1-7->6680 69,em1-2->6557 ==softirq cpu:h:vec:action 1:ffffffff81a23098:ffffffff81a23080:0xffffffff81411110->36627 1:ffffffff81a230b0:ffffffff81a23080:0xffffffff8106f950->2169 1:ffffffff81a230a0:ffffffff81a23080:0xffffffff81237100->1736 0:ffffffff81a230a0:ffffffff81a23080:0xffffffff81237100->1308 1:ffffffff81a23088:ffffffff81a23080:0xffffffff81079ee0->941 ==workqueue wq_thread:work_func ffff880c14268a80:ffffffffa026b390->51 ffff880c1422e0c0:ffffffffa026b390->30 ffff880c1425f580:ffffffffa026b390->25 ffff880c1422f540:ffffffffa026b390->24 ffff880c14268040:ffffffffa026b390->23 #上面软中断的action的符号信息: $addr2line -e /usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/2.6.32-131.21.1.tb411.el6.x86_64/vmlinux ffffffff81411110 /home/ads/build22_6u0_x64/workspace/kernel-el6/origin/taobao-kernel-build/kernel-2.6.32-131.21.1.el6/linux-2.6.32-131.21.1.el6.x86_64/net/core/ethtool.c:653 $addr2line -e /usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/2.6.32-131.21.1.tb411.el6.x86_64/vmlinux ffffffff810dc3a0 /home/ads/build22_6u0_x64/workspace/kernel-el6/origin/taobao-kernel-build/kernel-2.6.32-131.21.1.el6/linux-2.6.32-131.21.1.el6.x86_64/kernel/relay.c:466 $addr2line -e /usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/2.6.32-131.21.1.tb411.el6.x86_64/vmlinux ffffffff81079ee0 /home/ads/build22_6u0_x64/workspace/kernel-el6/origin/taobao-kernel-build/kernel-2.6.32-131.21.1.el6/linux-2.6.32-131.21.1.el6.x86_64/include/trace/events/timer.h:118 $addr2line -e /usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/2.6.32-131.21.1.tb411.el6.x86_64/vmlinux ffffffff8105d120 /home/ads/build22_6u0_x64/workspace/kernel-el6/origin/taobao-kernel-build/kernel-2.6.32-131.21.1.el6/linux-2.6.32-131.21.1.el6.x86_64/kernel/sched.c:2460
这次我们可以轻松的定位到硬中断基本上是平衡的,软中断都基本压在了1号核心上,再根据符号查找确认是网卡的问题。
好了,现在定位到了,问题解决起来就容易了:
1. 采用多队列万M网卡。
2. 用google的RPS patch来解决软中断平衡的问题, 把软中断分散到不同的核心去,参见这里.
我们还是用穷人的方案,写了个shell脚本来做这个事情:
$cat em.sh #! /bin/bash for i in `seq 0 7` do echo f|sudo tee /sys/class/net/em1/queues/rx-$i/rps_cpus >/dev/null echo f|sudo tee /sys/class/net/em2/queues/rx-$i/rps_cpus >/dev/null done $sudo ./em.sh $mpstat -P ALL 1
网卡的软中断成功分到二个核心上了,不再把一个核心拖死。
小结:多观察系统是好事。
后记:
——————————————————————————————————————
有同学留言说:
根据我们的测试,BCM5709应该是支持多队列的
从中断来看确实是平衡的,也就是说多队列在工作,但是为什么软中断不平衡呢,还有CPU1上还压着什么任务呢?继续调查!
好几个月过去了,今天我们线上又发现软中断的问题!
这次的网卡情况是这样的:
Network: em1 (igb): Intel I350 Gigabit, bc:30:5b:ee:b8:60, 1Gb/s
Network: em2 (igb): Intel I350 Gigabit, bc:30:5b:ee:b8:60, 1Gb/s
Network: em3 (igb): Intel I350 Gigabit, bc:30:5b:ee:b8:62, no carrier
Network: em4 (igb): Intel I350 Gigabit, bc:30:5b:ee:b8:63, no carrier
intel多队列网卡,从dmesg我们可以知道这个网卡有8个硬件中断:
# dmesg|grep igb
[ 6.467025] igb 0000:01:00.0: irq 108 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 6.467031] igb 0000:01:00.0: irq 109 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 6.467037] igb 0000:01:00.0: irq 110 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 6.467043] igb 0000:01:00.0: irq 111 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 6.467050] igb 0000:01:00.0: irq 112 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 6.467056] igb 0000:01:00.0: irq 113 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 6.467062] igb 0000:01:00.0: irq 114 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 6.467068] igb 0000:01:00.0: irq 115 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 6.467074] igb 0000:01:00.0: irq 116 for MSI/MSI-X
同样的软中断不平衡,在@普空和@炳天 同学的帮助下,大概知道了原来这款网卡硬件亲缘性绑定的时候只能一个中断一个core来绑定。
同时普空同学给到一个脚本set_irq_affinity.sh,我把它改了下支持从指定的core开始绑定, 脚本如下:
# cat set_irq_affinity.sh # setting up irq affinity according to /proc/interrupts # 2008-11-25 Robert Olsson # 2009-02-19 updated by Jesse Brandeburg # # > Dave Miller: # (To get consistent naming in /proc/interrups) # I would suggest that people use something like: # char buf[IFNAMSIZ+6]; # # sprintf(buf, "%s-%s-%d", # netdev->name, # (RX_INTERRUPT ? "rx" : "tx"), # queue->index); # # Assuming a device with two RX and TX queues. # This script will assign: # # eth0-rx-0 CPU0 # eth0-rx-1 CPU1 # eth0-tx-0 CPU0 # eth0-tx-1 CPU1 # set_affinity() { if [ $VEC -ge 32 ] then MASK_FILL="" MASK_ZERO="00000000" let "IDX = $VEC / 32" for ((i=1; i<=$IDX;i++)) do MASK_FILL="${MASK_FILL},${MASK_ZERO}" done let "VEC -= 32 * $IDX" MASK_TMP=$((1<<$VEC)) MASK=`printf "%X%s" $MASK_TMP $MASK_FILL` else MASK_TMP=$((1<<(`expr $VEC + $CORE`))) MASK=`printf "%X" $MASK_TMP` fi printf "%s mask=%s for /proc/irq/%d/smp_affinity\n" $DEV $MASK $IRQ printf "%s" $MASK > /proc/irq/$IRQ/smp_affinity } if [ $# -ne 2 ] ; then echo "Description:" echo " This script attempts to bind each queue of a multi-queue NIC" echo " to the same numbered core, ie tx0|rx0 --> cpu0, tx1|rx1 --> cpu1" echo "usage:" echo " $0 core eth0 [eth1 eth2 eth3]" exit fi CORE=$1 # check for irqbalance running IRQBALANCE_ON=`ps ax | grep -v grep | grep -q irqbalance; echo $?` if [ "$IRQBALANCE_ON" == "0" ] ; then echo " WARNING: irqbalance is running and will" echo " likely override this script's affinitization." echo " Please stop the irqbalance service and/or execute" echo " 'killall irqbalance'" fi # # Set up the desired devices. # shift 1 for DEV in $* do for DIR in rx tx TxRx do MAX=`grep $DEV-$DIR /proc/interrupts | wc -l` if [ "$MAX" == "0" ] ; then MAX=`egrep -i "$DEV:.*$DIR" /proc/interrupts | wc -l` fi if [ "$MAX" == "0" ] ; then echo no $DIR vectors found on $DEV continue fi for VEC in `seq 0 1 $MAX` do IRQ=`cat /proc/interrupts | grep -i $DEV-$DIR-$VEC"$" | cut -d: -f1 | sed "s/ //g"` if [ -n "$IRQ" ]; then set_affinity else IRQ=`cat /proc/interrupts | egrep -i $DEV:v$VEC-$DIR"$" | cut -d: -f1 | sed "s/ //g"` if [ -n "$IRQ" ]; then set_affinity fi fi done done done
脚本参数是:set_irq_affinity.sh core eth0 [eth1 eth2 eth3]
可以一次设置多个网卡,core的意思是从这个号开始递增。
我们来演示下:
#./set_irq_affinity.sh 0 em1 no rx vectors found on em1 no tx vectors found on em1 em1 mask=1 for /proc/irq/109/smp_affinity em1 mask=2 for /proc/irq/110/smp_affinity em1 mask=4 for /proc/irq/111/smp_affinity em1 mask=8 for /proc/irq/112/smp_affinity em1 mask=10 for /proc/irq/113/smp_affinity em1 mask=20 for /proc/irq/114/smp_affinity em1 mask=40 for /proc/irq/115/smp_affinity em1 mask=80 for /proc/irq/116/smp_affinity #./set_irq_affinity.sh 8 em2 no rx vectors found on em2 no tx vectors found on em2 em2 mask=100 for /proc/irq/118/smp_affinity em2 mask=200 for /proc/irq/119/smp_affinity em2 mask=400 for /proc/irq/120/smp_affinity em2 mask=800 for /proc/irq/121/smp_affinity em2 mask=1000 for /proc/irq/122/smp_affinity em2 mask=2000 for /proc/irq/123/smp_affinity em2 mask=4000 for /proc/irq/124/smp_affinity em2 mask=8000 for /proc/irq/125/smp_affinity
同时炳天同学提醒说由于有硬件中断平衡,所以我们也不需要rps了,用以下脚本关闭掉:
# cat em.sh #! /bin/bash for i in `seq 0 7` do echo 0|sudo tee /sys/class/net/em1/queues/rx-$i/rps_cpus >/dev/null echo 0|sudo tee /sys/class/net/em2/queues/rx-$i/rps_cpus >/dev/null done #./em.sh
最后一定要记得关掉无用的关闭irqbalance, 除了捣乱没啥用途:
# service irqbalance stop
——————————————————————————————————————
补充:
在微博上大家讨论了很激烈,我总结下提高的点:
1. @孺风 同学说的网卡绑定的时候最好和一个物理CPU的核挨个绑定,这样避免L1,L2,L3践踏。 那么如何知道那个核心对应哪个CPU呢? lscpu能帮忙:
$ lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 16
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-15
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 4
CPU socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 2
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 44
Stepping: 2
CPU MHz: 2134.000
BogoMIPS: 4266.61
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 12288K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 4-7,12-15
NUMA node1 CPU(s): 0-3,8-11
我们知道 4-7,12-15属于第一个CPU, 0-3,8-11属于第二个CPU。
2. 网卡为什么不能自动中断在多核心上,这个问题我们的@炳天同学在跟进调查,以期彻底解决问题。
3. RPS是不是有用? 网卡支持多队列的时候,RPS其实没有啥用途。RPS是穷人的解决方案。
祝玩得开心!
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霸爷霸气
根据我们的测试,BCM5709应该是支持多队列的
不知道淘宝InfiniBand的应用怎么样?
Yu Feng Reply:
January 17th, 2012 at 4:26 pm
这块目前好像还不是重点~
这个问题我好像记得35以后的内核已经搞定了?不过不是很确定。
Yu Feng Reply:
January 17th, 2012 at 6:11 pm
redhat backport到32内核去了。
echo f 我的理解是表示0-3 cpu,请问为什么后面说“网卡的软中断成功分到二个核心上了”呢?
Yu Feng Reply:
January 29th, 2012 at 3:54 pm
理解是对的,我也去调查下RPS的具体工作原理,为什么是2个CPU,而不是更多~
cool!
RPS google提供的补丁,非常给力哦
我记得2.6的后期kernel已经纳入GOOGLE的补丁解决了此问题的,不知又没有记错
Yu Feng Reply:
February 13th, 2012 at 1:21 pm
我这里用的就是google的patch,RHEL已经吸纳了。但是需要用户来配置。
怎么从网卡的信息中知道其是否支持多队列?
Yu Feng Reply:
April 4th, 2012 at 3:23 pm
看网卡的spec
bc5709确实是支持分发多核的!
可能由于你的系统设置导致分发到第1颗核了:
http://hi.baidu.com/higkoo/item/42ba6c353bc8aed76d15e9c3
higkoo Reply:
June 5th, 2013 at 2:03 pm
若干年后,这个问题也被我遇到并解决了:
http://hi.baidu.com/higkoo/item/9f2b50d9adb177cd1a72b4a8
感谢淘宝!
higkoo Reply:
June 5th, 2013 at 2:04 pm
这个问题实际上和硬件、驱动、系统设置都有关系。真复杂!
多谢分享,我们这几天就碰到了这个问题,软中断集中在一个CPU上了。
Yu Feng Reply:
January 8th, 2013 at 11:47 pm
一起进步!
非多队列网卡要中断到多个 cpu 上面去恐怕是硬件问题,对此不太乐观
感谢博主的付出,受益良多
Yu Feng Reply:
January 10th, 2013 at 5:57 pm
一起学习进步!
网卡为什么不能自动中断在多核心上,这个问题我们的@炳天同学在跟进调查,以期彻底解决问题
–最后找出原因没有
若是使用http://sourceware.org/systemtap/examples/interrupt/interrupts-by-dev.stp
是不是会更加简便些?
global devices
probe irq_handler.entry {
devices[dev_name]++;
}
probe timer.ms(100) {
printf(“\t DEVICE \t NUMBER OF INTERRUPTS \n”);
foreach ( devname in devices )
printf(” %20s : %5d\n”,kernel_string(devname),devices[devname]);
delete devices
}
Yu Feng Reply:
April 18th, 2013 at 10:48 am
恩,都是stap脚本
你好,有个问题想问下,我的服务器是2CPU×16核的,我设置开启了rps,每个rx都设置了rpc_cpus值为ffffffff,可是为什么设置完之后si只是分配到了3个cpu核上? 我同时还开启了IRQ affinity
为什么我设置rpc_cpus为ffffffff,si却只分配到了3个CPU上了呢?
网卡为什么不能自动中断在多核心上?
支持多队列的网卡,本来是中断应该均匀在多个CPU上,这个中断指得是硬中断interrupt.
但是softirq是否也是均匀分布在多个CPU上呢,这个未必。
这里不得不提另外一种技术RSS(receive side scaling),这个是根据Four-tuple of source TCP Port, source IP version 4 (IPv4) address, destination TCP port, and destination IPv4 address来判断这个packet放在哪个CPU上。
RSS技术主要是为了防止cache miss,把一个TCP connection的packet放在一个CPU上.
如果没有RSS,把softirq也均匀分布在所有cpu core上,考虑到CPU cache miss,系统的整体性能有可能会下降。
这个只是我的猜测,未必正确。
建议给这篇文章加 interuppts 标签
Yu Feng Reply:
October 7th, 2014 at 5:09 pm
多谢!
CPU L1,L2,L3践踏 — 践踏是什么意思? cache miss?
物理CPU的核挨个绑定与非挨个绑定 到底有没影响 ? 影响多少?